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Unternehmen Elster
Unternehmen Elster (Operation Magpie in English) was a Nazi German mission to gather intelligence on military and technology facilities during World War II. The mission was commenced in 1944 with Nazi agents sailing from Kiel, Germany on the U-1230, coming ashore in Maine on November 29, 1944. Within a month the operation ended, resulting in espionage convictions for the agents. Widespread claims that this mission was intended to sabotage the Manhattan Project are without foundation in the documentary record.
==Planning==
The idea of landing spies in the United States originated with Nazi Germany's foreign minister, Joachim von Ribbentrop, and this particular operation was developed by the ''Schutzstaffel'' (SS). Originally intended to gather information gauging the effectiveness of Nazi propaganda in the United States, the objective was later widened to include the gathering of technical engineering information, generally from public sources.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NRHP nomination for Nazi Spy Landing Site )〕 Of particular interest was intelligence on shipyards, airplane factories, and rocket-testing facilities.〔
Chosen for the mission were William Colepaugh, an American defector to Germany, and Erich Gimpel, a German radio operator who had been engaged in spying operations since the start of the war. Colepaugh was not deemed to be particularly reliable, but was judged to be necessary for the operation to succeed, because Gimpel spoke no English.
Claims that Gimpel had a secret mission (not disclosed to Colepaugh) to sabotage heavy water works related to the Manhattan Project appear to be without foundation in the documentary record. Promoted by Richard Gay, a former US intelligence operative, the thesis is that Gimpel was to sabotage a heavy water research facility at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. However, no such program existed (beyond relatively small-scale research), and official files concerning the activities of Colepaugh and Gimpel contain nothing to substantiate the claim.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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